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Scutellaria montana
''Scutellaria montana'', with the common names largeflower skullcap, large-flowered skullcap and mountain skullcap, is an perennial forb first described by Alvan Chapman in 1878.〔Chapman, A.W. 1878. An Enumeration of Some Plants-Chiefly From the Semi-Tropical Regions of Florida-Which are Either New, or Which Have Not Hitherto Been Recorded as Belonging to the Flora of the theSouthern States (Continued). Botanical Gazette 3:9-12.〕 This narrowly endemic species is found in the southeastern United States in parts of the Ridge and Valley and Cumberland Plateau Physiographic Provinces. Populations have been documented from four Tennessee counties and nine Georgia counties and is protected under the US Endangered Species act as it is a threatened species.〔(Reclassification of ''Scutellaria montana'' (Large-Flowered Skullcap) From Endangered to Threatened ) ''Federal Register'', 14 Jan 2002.〕〔http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=Q2IA U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Species Profile for Large-Flowered skullcap (Scutellaria montana)〕
This plant has a single, erect square stem and may grow 30 to 60 cm in height. The leaves are simple, opposite in arrangement, lanceloate to ovate with crenate to serrate margins, and the blades are 5 to 8 cm long and 3 to 5 cm wide. Characteristic to this species, the leaves have a soft pubesence with glandular and non-glandular hairs on both surfaces. As the common name suggests, the inflorescence are large at 2.6 to 3.5 cm long; flowers are terminal and blue and white in color. Another characteristic specific to this species and used to distinguish it from other ''Scutellaria'' species is that the infloresence lack an annulus within the corolla tube near the top of the calyx; this is the only species of the genus that is exannulate. Flowers bloom from mid-May to June, and fruits mature in June and early July.〔•U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; reclassification of Scutellaria montana (Large-flowered skullcap) from endangered to threatened. Federal Register Vol. 67, No. 9. pp. 1662-1668〕
This plant grows in mid- to late-successional forests dominated by oak and pine trees, most often ''Quercus alba'', ''Q. velutina'', and/or ''Q. montana'', and ''Pinus echinata'' or ''P. taeda''. The soil is acidic, rocky, and shallow, sometimes as shallow as 3 centimeters. It is dry to somewhat moist in the habitat. Other plants in the habitat include ''Desmodium'' spp., ''Hexastylis'' spp., ''Chimaphila maculata'', and ''Cornus florida''.
This plant was federally listed as an endangered species in 1986. When more populations were discovered, it was downlisted to threatened status in 2002.〔〔(''Scutellaria montana''. ) The Nature Conservancy.〕 It is still threatened by human activity such as logging, suburban development, and quarrying.〔
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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